Ecological Footprint and Its Determinants in MENA Countries: A Spatial Econometric Approach

نویسندگان

چکیده

Countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have been facing serious environmental issues due to over-exploitation of natural resources. This paper analyzes ecological footprint as a proxy degradation determines its influencing factors 18 MENA countries during 2000–2016. Despite many studies on relationship between determinants region, current study use spatial econometric models take into account dependence well determinants. Using Durbin model, we revealed that neighbors’ behavior can significantly affect country’s footprint. Factors such GDP per capita, trade openness, financial development were found increase degradation, while renewable energy consumption, urbanization, quality democracy effectively reduce These not only host country, but also it adjacent different ways. Due interdependence countries, recommend regional vision bio-economy scope analysis goes beyond country level for territorial effects. Furthermore, considering great potential consumption develop sources order region.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Sustainability

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['2071-1050']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811708